| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | eng: Consonants | class=wikitable style="white-space: nowrap;" |+ Proto-Indo-European consonants and their reflexes in selected Indo-European daughter languages ! Trad. PIE !! Glot. PIE !! Skr. !! Av. !! O.C.S. !! Lith. !! Alb. !! Arm. !! Hitt. !! Toch. !! Greek !! Latin !! Old Irish !! Gothic !! English |- align=center ! ! | colspan="5"| |;1 | colspan="4"| |; 2 |; ;34 |;;84 |- align=center ! ! | colspan="5"| | |; 5 |; 5 | colspan="2"| |; 8 | ; ;34 |;;34 |- align=center ! ! | | colspan="2"| | | ;9 | | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="3"|; 9 | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="3"| ; 8 | rowspan="2"|; ;34 | rowspan="2"|;;8;34 |- align=center ! ! | rowspan="2" colspan="2"|; 5 | rowspan="2"|; ;5 10 | rowspan="2"| | | rowspan="2"| |- align=center ! ! |;;5 10 | |;;56 | ; 7 | ;;3 4 |;;34 |- align=center ! ! | colspan="5"| | colspan="3"| | colspan="2"| | ;8 | colspan="2"| |- align=center ! ! | colspan="4"| |; 8 | colspan="2"| |; 5 | colspan="2"| | ;8 | colspan="2"| |- align=center ! ! | | colspan="2"| | | ;9 | | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="3"|; 9 | rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | rowspan="2"| ;8 | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="2"|;10 |- align=center ! ! | rowspan="2" colspan="2"|; 5 | rowspan="2"|; ;510 |... |
| lexicalization | eng: Indo-European sound laws |
| instance of | c/Sound laws |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Castilian | |
| has gloss | spa: Consonantes | class=wikitable |+ Consonantes indoeuropeas y su reflejo en las lenguas derivadas ! PIE Trad.!! PIE de las laringales !! Sánscrito !! Avéstico !! O.C.S. !! Lituano !! Armenio !! Albanés !! Tocario !! Hitita !! Griego !! Latín !! Antiguo irlandés !! Protogerm.!! Español |- align=center !*p !*p⁽ʰ⁾ |p [p] |p [p] |p [p] |p [p] |h [h]; w [w] 1 |p [p] |p [p] |p [p] |p [p] |p [p] |Ø; ch [x] 2 |*f; *β 3; *p 4 |p [p]; b [b, β] 8 |- align=center !*t !*t⁽ʰ⁾ |t [t] |t [t] |t [t] |t [t] |tʽ [tʰ] |t [t] |t [t]; c [c] 5 |t; z 5 |t [t] |t [t] |t [t]; th [θ] 8 |*θ; *ð 3; *t 4 |t [t]; d [d, δ] 8 |- align=center !*k̂ !*k̂⁽ʰ⁾ |ś [ɕ] |s [s] |s [s] |š [ʃ] |s [s] |th [θ]; k [k] 9 | rowspan=3|k; ś [ɕ] 9 |rowspan=2|k [k] |rowspan=2|k [k] |rowspan=2|k [k] |rowspan=2|c [k]; ch [x] 8 |rowspan=2|*x; *ɣ 3; k 4 |rowspan=2|c [k], [θ]; g [g, γ] 8 |- align=center !*k !*k⁽ʰ⁾ |rowspan=2|k [k]; c [c] 5 | rowspan=2|k [k]; c [ʧ] 5 |rowspan=2|k [k]; č [ʧ] 5; c [ʦ] 10 |rowspan=2|k [k] |rowspan=2|kʻ [kʰ] |k [k] |- align=center !*kʷ !*kʷ⁽ʰ⁾ |k [k]; s [s] 5; q [c] 10 |ku [kʷ] |p; t 5; k 6 |qu [kʷ]; c [k] 7 |c [k]; ch [x] 8 |*xʷ; *ɣʷ, *w 3; kʷ 4 |qu, c [k]; cu [kw], gu [γw] 8 |- align=center !*b !*p’ |b [b] |b... |
| lexicalization | spa: Leyes foneticas del indoeuropeo |
| lexicalization | spa: Leyes fonéticas del indoeuropeo |
| Chinese | |
| has gloss | zho: 輔音 | class="wikitable" style="font-family:Arial;" |+ 原始印歐語輔音和它們在選定的印歐后代語言中的反映 ! PIE音位 !! 梵語 !! 阿維斯陀語 !! 古教會斯拉夫語 !! 立陶宛語 !! 亞美尼亞語 !! 阿爾巴尼亞語 !! 吐火羅語 !! 赫梯語 !! 古希臘語 !! 拉丁語 !! 古愛爾蘭語 !! 哥德語!! 英語 |- align=center ! | colspan="4"| |; 1 | colspan="5"| |; 2 |; 3; 4 |; 8; 4 |- align=center ! | colspan="4"| | | |; 5 |; 5 | colspan="2"| |; 8 | ; 3; 4 |; 3; 4 |- align=center ! | | colspan="2"| | | | ; 9 | rowspan="3"|; 9 | rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="3"| ; 8 | rowspan="2"|; 3; 4 | rowspan="2"|; 8; 3; 4 |- align=center ! | rowspan="2" colspan="2"|; 5 | rowspan="2"|; 5; 10 | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="2"| | |- align=center ! |; 5; 10 | |; 5; 6 | ; 7 | ; 3; 4 |; 3; 4 |- align=center ! | colspan="4"| | | | colspan="2"| | colspan="2"| |; / 8 | colspan="2"| |- align=center ! | colspan="4"| | |; 8 |; 5 | | colspan="2"| |; 8 | colspan="2"| |- align=center ! | | colspan="2"| | | | ; 9 | rowspan="3"|; 9 | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | rowspan="2"|; 8 | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="2"|; 10 |- align=center ! | rowspan="2" colspan="2"|; 5 | rowspan="2"|; 5; 10 | rowspan="2"| | rowspan="2"| | |- align=center ! |; 5; 10 | |; 5; 6 | ; 15 | rowspan="2"|; / 8 | | |- align=center ! | |... |
| lexicalization | zho: 印歐語音定律 |
| Media | |
|---|---|
| media:img | Indo-European isoglosses.png |
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