| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | (noun) a redistribution of agricultural land (especially by government action) land reform |
| has gloss | eng: Land reforms (also agrarian reform, though that can have a broader meaning) is an often-controversial alteration in the societal arrangements whereby government administers possession and use of land. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed real estate property redistribution, generally of agricultural land, or be part of an even more revolutionary program that may include forcible removal of an existing government that is seen to oppose such reforms. |
| lexicalization | eng: Land reforms |
| lexicalization | eng: land reform |
| lexicalization | eng: Land-reform |
| subclass of | (noun) a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses; "justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts" reform |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Bengali | |
| has gloss | ben: ভূমি সংস্কার হচ্ছে ভূমি মালিকানা ব্যবস্থার সংস্কার বা পরিবর্তন। পুঁজিবাদী ও সমাজতান্ত্রিক উভয় সমাজ ব্যবস্থাতেই ভূমি সংস্কার হয়ে থাকে। এক উৎপাদন পদ্ধতি থেকে আরেক উৎপাদন পদ্ধতিতে উত্তরণের অপরিহার্য পথ হচ্ছে পুরনো ভূমি মালিকানা ব্যবস্থার আমূল পরিবর্তন। জাতিসংঘ খাদ্য ও কৃষি সংস্থার মতে ভূমি সংস্কার দারিদ্র দূর করে এবং খাদ্র নিরাপত্তা বৃদ্ধি করে। |
| lexicalization | ben: ভূমি সংস্কার |
| Bosnian | |
| has gloss | bos: Agrarna reforma je zakonska odredba kojom se ograničava veličina posjeda, a zemlja, oduzeta veleposjednicima, dodjeljuje seljacima koji su je imali malo ili su obrađivali samo tuđu zemlju. |
| lexicalization | bos: Agrarna reforma |
| Catalan | |
| has gloss | cat: Una reforma agrària és un procés polític que té com a objectiu modificar de manera ràpida i profunda el règim de propietat i el sistema dexplotació de la terra, per tal dampliar el nombre de petits i mitjans propietaris i augmentar la producció agrària. |
| lexicalization | cat: reforma agrària |
| Czech | |
| lexicalization | ces: pozemková reforma |
| Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexicalization | cmn: tǔ dì gǎi ge |
| lexicalization | cmn: 土地改革 |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | cmn: tǔ gai |
| lexicalization | cmn: 土改 |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Der Begriff Landreform oder Bodenreform bezeichnet eine Änderung der Eigentums- oder Nutzungsrechte an Grundstücken oder allgemein der Rechtsordnung in diesem Bereich, die meist eine gleichmäßigere („gerechtere“) Verteilung des Landbesitzes zum Ziel hat. Hierbei soll der Boden von Großgrundbesitzern zu Kleinbauern und landlosen Landarbeitern umverteilt werden. |
| lexicalization | deu: Landreform |
| Esperanto | |
| has gloss | epo: Agrara reformo, aŭ agra reformo, estas registare farata aŭ registare subtenata redisdonado de agro, t.e. kultivataj aŭ kultivotaj terbienoj. Agrara reformo estas aro de politikaj, ekonomiaj, socialaj kaj leĝofarantaj decidoj, kies celo estas modifi la strukturon de posedo kaj produktado de la tero. Krome ĝi povas kaj devas inkludi same metodojn akiri krediton, formadon por la kamparanoj, kaj metodojn plibonigi la produktadon. |
| lexicalization | epo: agrara reformo |
| Finnish | |
| has gloss | fin: Maareformi eli maauudistus tarkoittaa yleensä sitä, että suurtiloja jaetaan niitä viljeleville pientiloiksi yksityisomistukseen. Maareformeja on monessa tapauksessa tehty valtioiden itsenäistymisen ja vallankumousten yhteydessä. Tyypillisesti ennen maauudistusta pieni osa väestöstä on omistanut suurimman osan maasta. Eräissä tapauksissa maaomistajat ovat olleet vanhaa maa-aatelia tai eurooppalaisia kolonialisteja. Maauudistuksessa jaettava maa on hankittu jakamalla käyttämätöntä maata, jonka omistajana on voinut olla valtio, tai maa on takavarikoitu suurmaanomistajilta korvausta vastaan tai vastikkeetta. |
| lexicalization | fin: maareformi |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: Une réforme agraire est une réforme offrant des terres aux paysans qui la cultivent, en les "confisquant" à leurs propriétaires. |
| lexicalization | fra: Reforme agraire |
| lexicalization | fra: réforme agraire |
| Serbo-Croatian | |
| has gloss | hbs: Agrarna reforma je skup mjera usmjeren na redistribuciju agrarnih resursa jedne zemlje. U širem smislu agrarna reforma uključuje i promjene u poljoprivrednim institucijama, kao i u oporezivanju, kreditiranju, rentama, zadrugama i slično. |
| lexicalization | hbs: agrarna reforma |
| Hebrew | |
| has gloss | heb: רפורמה אגררית (רפורמת קרקעות) היא העברת בעלות של אדמה חקלאית, היזומה או נתמכת על ידי הממשלה. המונח מציין בדרך כלל העברת קרקעות מבעלות של קבוצה קטנה של בעלי ממון, או אצילים (למשל, מטעים וחוות גדולות) לבעלות פרטית או קולקטיבית של האנשים שמעבדים אותה קרקע. העברת הקרקעות יכולה להיעשות ללא הסכמת בעלי הקרקע ולא לכלול פיצוי עבורה. מס שבח, ובמיוחד כזה שמוטל על קרקעות, הוא צורה מודרנית של רפורמה אגררית. |
| lexicalization | heb: רפורמה אגררית |
| Croatian | |
| has gloss | hrv: Agrarna reforma je skup mjera usmjeren na redistribuciju agrarnih resursa jedne zemlje. U širem smislu agrarna reforma uključuje i promjene u poljoprivrednim institucijama, kao i u oporezivanju, kreditiranju, rentama, zadrugama i slično. |
| lexicalization | hrv: Agrarna reforma |
| Indonesian | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ind: land reform |
| Italian | |
| has gloss | ita: La riforma agraria è una ristrutturazione dei mezzi di produzione agricola, in particolare del suolo. Spesso, con questa definizione, si intende una redistribuzione della proprietà delle terre coltivabili attraverso unespropriazione forzata, indennizzata o no, che lamministrazione compie nei confronti dei beni posseduti da grandi proprietari, per una successiva redistribuzione gratuita, o a prezzo agevolato, in favore dei coltivatori privi di proprietà. Nella storia ci sono state numerose riforme agrarie, spesso dovute a rivoluzioni o rivendicazioni violente da parte della classe contadina. |
| lexicalization | ita: riforma agraria |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: 農地改革（のうちかいかく）は、第二次世界大戦後の農地の所有者の変更や法制度の変更など、農地を巡る改革運動のひとつ。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 農地改革 |
| Korean | |
| lexicalization | kor: 토지개혁 |
| Norwegian | |
| has gloss | nor: Jordreform er en omfordeling av landbruksareal, normalt ved at store eiendommer stykkes opp frivillig eller tvangsmessig, og deles ut til eiendomsløse landarbeidere eller småbønder. Dette har vært vanligst i jordbruket, og mindre vanlig i skogbruket. |
| lexicalization | nor: Jordreform |
| Polish | |
| has gloss | pol: Reforma rolna – usankcjonowana prawnie zmiana stosunków własnościowych na wsi połączona ze zmianą struktury agrarnej przez komasację lub parcelację gruntów. |
| lexicalization | pol: Reforma rolna |
| lexicalization | pol: reforma agrarna |
| Portuguese | |
| has gloss | por: O termo Reforma Agrária designa os esforços de reorganização do espaço rural através de intervenção governamental. |
| lexicalization | por: Reforma agraria |
| lexicalization | por: Reforma Agrária |
| Quechua | |
| has gloss | que: Chakra kamay allinchay (kastilla simipi: reforma agraria) nisqaqa chakra runakunap kawsayninta allinchanapaq ruraymi. |
| lexicalization | que: chakra kamay allinchay |
| Slovenian | |
| has gloss | slv: Agrarna reforma je sprememba lastništva in uporabe kmetijskih zemljišč. |
| lexicalization | slv: agrarna reforma |
| Castilian | |
| has gloss | spa: Reforma agraria, es el conjunto de medidas políticas, económicas, sociales y legislativas cuyo fin es modificar la estructura de la propiedad y producción de la tierra. |
| lexicalization | spa: reforma agraria |
| Serbian | |
| has gloss | srp: Аграрна реформа је скуп мера усмерен на редистрибуцију аграрних ресурса једне земље. У ширем смислу, укључује и промене у пољопривредним институцијама, као у опорезивању, кредитирању, рентама, задругама и слично. |
| lexicalization | srp: Аграрна реформа |
| Swedish | |
| has gloss | swe: En jordreform är en omfördelning av odlingsbar jord genom statliga åtgärder. De svenska jordreformerna under tidigt 1800-tal var den svenska motsvarigheten till det som kallas den agrara revolutionen. |
| lexicalization | swe: jordreform |
| Tamil | |
| lexicalization | tam: நிலச்சீர்திருத்தம் |
| Thai | |
| lexicalization | tha: การปฏิรูปที่ดิน |
| Turkish | |
| has gloss | tur: Toprak reformu hükümet tarafından başlatılan ya da desteklenen tarımsal alanların mülkiyetinin yeniden dağıtılmasıdır. Terim sıklıkla çok geniş arazilere sahip olan çok az sayıdaki toprak sahibinden (toprak ağaları, soylular, ya da büyük şirketler gibi) bu toprakların alınıp onları işleyen bireylere ya da bu bireylerin oluşturduğu kollektif oluşumlara verilmesi anlamına kullanılmaktadır. Bu el değişikliği toprak sahiplerinin rızası alınarak ya da alınmadan, tazminat verilerek ya da verilmeden yapılabilir. Bu tazminatın miktarı da sembolik miktarlardan toprağın gerçek değerine kadar değişebilir. Georgistler tarafından savunulan toprak vergisi toprak reformunun ılımlı ve piyasa ekonomisine dayanan bir çeşididir. |
| lexicalization | tur: toprak reformu |
| Urdu | |
| lexicalization | urd: اصلاحات اراضی |
| Vietnamese | |
| has gloss | vie: Cải cách ruộng đất là chính sách mà một chính phủ đề ra để phân phối lại hoặc chuyển quyền sử dụng đất nông nghiệp. Thông thường thuật ngữ này để chỉ sự chuyển quyền sở hữu từ thiểu số những cá nhân hay tập thể sở hữu quá nhiều đất ruộng hay đồn điền sang các cá nhân làm việc trên những khu đất đó. Việc chuyển quyền sở hữu đó có thể được bồi thường hoặc không, và cũng có thể được hay không được tán thành. Thuế đất là một hình thức cải cách ruộng đất điều hòa hơn. |
| lexicalization | vie: Cải cách ruộng đất |
| Chinese | |
| has gloss | zho: 土地改革是一种通常存在争议的社会安排或改造，其目的是使政府能够管理土地的占有和使用。土地改革通常由政府或政府所支持的房地产商发起并重新分配，改革目标一般为耕地。有时土改会变为一种更具有革命性的计划，其中可能包括政府的强行拆除或接受，这也是反对土改的主要原因之一。 |
| lexicalization | zho: 土地改革 |
| Media | |
|---|---|
| media:img | Barriendo el- muelo cereal.jpg |
| media:img | Jakarta farmers protest23.jpg |
| media:img | MST International Socialist46623.jpeg |
| media:img | Siirtoväki raivaa kylmää tilaa.jpg |
| media:img | WhiteRevolution.jpg |
| media:img | Wolfshagen Bodenreform Denkmal.jpg |
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