| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | eng: In operant conditioning, punishment is any change in a human or animal's surroundings that occurs after a given behavior or response which reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. As with reinforcement, it is the behavior, not the animal, that is punished. Whether a change is or is not punishing is only known by its effect on the rate of the behavior, not by any "hostile" or aversive features of the change. For example, painful stimulation which would serve as a punisher in many cases serves to reinforce some behaviors of the masochist. |
| lexicalization | eng: punishment |
| instance of | (noun) the act of punishing punishment, penalization, penalisation, penalty |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian | |
| has gloss | bul: Има два вида наказание в оперантното кондициониране: * Позитивното наказание или тип I наказание - експериментаторът наказва отговора чрез представяне на отблъскващи стимули в средата на животното (бързо електрически шок например). * Негативното наказание или тип II наказание - ценен, апетитен стимул е премахнат (като премахването на ядене от купичката). Както с подкреплението обикновено не е нужно да се говори за позитивно и негативно във връзка с наказанието. |
| lexicalization | bul: наказание |
| Latvian | |
| has gloss | lav: Sods ir jēdziens uzvedības psiholoģijā jeb biheiviorismā, kas apzīmē indivīdam nepatīkamu reakciju apkārtējā vidē. Tā var būt gan negatīva stimula parādīšanās (pozitīvais jeb 1. tipa sods, piemēram, sāpes rokā, ja to pieliek pārāk tuvu ugunij), gan pozitīva stimula zudums (negatīvais jeb 2. tipa sods, piemēram, mamma noliek bērnu zemē, jo tas ir viņai iekodis). |
| lexicalization | lav: sods |
| Polish | |
| has gloss | pol: Kara - bodźce wywołujące ból lub inne nieprzyjemne odczucia mające w efekcie spowodować to, że karana jednostka dostosuje się do wymogów i zależnie od sytuacji przestanie wykonywać lub znacznie ograniczy społecznie niepożądane czynności albo będzie wykonywać czynności pożądane. |
| lexicalization | pol: kara |
| Media | |
|---|---|
| media:img | Female animal trainer and leopard, c1906.jpg |
| media:img | Prisoners whipped.jpg |
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