| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | (noun) relatively permanent disorder of the mind insanity |
| has gloss | eng: Insanity, craziness or madness is a spectrum of behaviors characterized by certain abnormal mental or behavioral patterns. Insanity may manifest as violations of societal norms, including becoming a danger to themselves and others, though not all such acts are considered insanity. In modern usage insanity is most commonly encountered as an informal unscientific term denoting mental instability, or in the narrow legal context of the insanity defense. In the medical profession the term is now avoided in favor of diagnoses of specific mental illness such as schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. When discussing mental illness in general terms, "psychopathology" is considered a preferred descriptor. |
| has gloss | eng: Madness (or Insanity) is a word people use to describe different diseases of the mind. Usually, such people need to be cared for by specially trained personnel. It can also refer to anger. |
| lexicalization | eng: insanity |
| lexicalization | eng: Madness |
| subclass of | (noun) any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention mental disease, psychopathy, mental illness |
| has subclass | (noun) obsolete terms for legal insanity madness, insaneness, lunacy |
| has subclass | (noun) mental deterioration of organic or functional origin dementedness, dementia |
| has subclass | (noun) the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding irrationality, unreason |
| has subclass | (noun) a state of mental disturbance and disorientation derangement, mental unsoundness, unbalance |
| has subclass | (noun) informal terms for insanity craziness, flakiness, daftness |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Arabic | |
| lexicalization | ara: الجنون |
| Asturian | |
| lexicalization | ast: alloria |
| Bulgarian | |
| has gloss | bul: Лудост, невменяемост или безумие е нелечимо тежко психично заболяване. Свързва се с широк спектър на ненормални и неадекватни промени в поведението. Лудостта може да се прояви като насилие, като нарушаване на обществените норми, правила и потенциално да постави околните и самия болен в опасност. |
| lexicalization | bul: Лудост |
| lexicalization | bul: душевна |
| Catalan | |
| has gloss | cat: Es va designar com a bogeria fins a final del segle XIX a un determinat comportament que vulnerava les normes socials establertes. El que es va interpretar per convencions socials com bogeria va ser la desviació de la norma (del llatí vulgar delirés, de lira ire, que significava originalment en lagricultura "desviat del solc recte"), per culpa dun desequilibri mental, pel qual un home o una dona patia de deliris malaltissos, impropis del funcionament normal de la raó, que sidentificaven per la realització dactes estranys o destructius. |
| lexicalization | cat: bogeria |
| lexicalization | cat: alienació mental |
| Czech | |
| has gloss | ces: Šílenství je ztráta rozumového úsudku, pomatenost, nepříčetnost, bláznovství. Přesněji psychopatologie chápe šílenství jako různé formy pomatení a duševních chorob. |
| lexicalization | ces: šílenství |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ces: nepříčetnost |
| lexicalization | ces: šílenost |
| lexicalization | ces: bláznovství |
| Mandarin Chinese | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | cmn: jīng shén cuò luan |
| lexicalization | cmn: 精神錯亂 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 精神错乱 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 疯狂 |
| lexicalization | cmn: xian |
| lexicalization | cmn: 痫 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 癇 |
| Welsh | |
| lexicalization | cym: gorffwylltra |
| lexicalization | cym: gorffwylledd |
| Danish | |
| lexicalization | dan: sindssyge |
| lexicalization | dan: galskab |
| lexicalization | dan: vanvid |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Als Wahnsinn oder Verrücktheit wurden in der Geschichte des Abendlandes bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bestimmte Verhaltens- oder Denkmuster bezeichnet, die nicht der akzeptierten sozialen Norm entsprachen. Dabei bestimmten stets gesellschaftliche Konventionen, was als „Wahnsinn“ verstanden wurde: Der Begriff konnte dabei für bloße Abweichungen von den Konventionen (vgl. lat. delirare aus de lira ire, ursprünglich landwirtschaftlich „von der geraden Furche abweichen, aus der Spur geraten“), für geistige Störungen, bei denen ein Mensch bei vergleichsweise normaler Verstandesfunktion an krankhaften Einbildungen litt, bis hin zur Kennzeichnung völlig bizarrer und (selbst-)zerstörerischer Handlungen verwendet werden. Auch Krankheitssymptome, wie etwa jene der Epilepsie oder eines Schädel-Hirn-Traumas, wurden zeitweilig als Wahnsinn bezeichnet. |
| lexicalization | deu: Wahnsinn |
| lexicalization | deu: Irrsinn |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | |
| lexicalization | ell: τρέλα |
| lexicalization | ell: παραφροσύνη |
| Esperanto | |
| lexicalization | epo: frenezo |
| lexicalization | epo: frenezeco |
| Estonian | |
| lexicalization | est: vaimuhaigus |
| Persian | |
| lexicalization | fas: دیوانگی |
| lexicalization | fas: ديوانگى |
| Filipino | |
| lexicalization | fil: pagkasiraulo |
| Finnish | |
| has gloss | fin: Hullu on vanha nimitys ihmisille, joiden käytös poikkeaa huomattavasti yhteisön normeista, usein mielenterveyden järkkymisen vuoksi. Mielenterveysongelmat ovat niin arka aihe, että monista mielenterveysongelmaisen nimityksistä on tullut poliittisesti epäkorrekteja ja loukkaavia. Sanan hullu tilalle mielenterveysongelmaisen nimitykseksi onkin useampaan kertaan keksitty muita sanoja, kuten mielipuoli, mielenvikainen, mielisairas ja mielenterveysongelmainen. |
| lexicalization | fin: hulluus |
| lexicalization | fin: mielipuolisuus |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | fin: mielettömyys |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: La folie désigne, en langage populaire, létat dune personne dont le discours et/ou les actions, le comportement ne semblent avoir aucun sens pour lobservateur. Elle peut être passagère ou perdurer, être provoquée ou exister à létat de base. La folie, en terme psychiatriques, recouvre plusieurs réalités et des termes plus spécifiques sont utilisés par les spécialistes (psychose, schizophrénie, catatonie, paranoïa, ...). |
| lexicalization | fra: folie |
| lexicalization | fra: aliénation |
| lexicalization | fra: aberration |
| lexicalization | fra: affolement |
| Old French (842-ca. 1400) | |
| lexicalization | fro: folie |
| Irish | |
| lexicalization | gle: mire |
| Hebrew | |
| has gloss | heb: "שיגעון" הוא מצב המוכר בהגדרתו הרפואית כמחלת נפש. המונחים "משוגע" ו"שגעון" הם מונחים עתיקים, הקיימים כבר במקרא. כינוי זה על השלכותיו התרבותיות בשפות שונות, מוכר כאמירה שטחית, ואינו בגדר אבחנה רפואית. |
| lexicalization | heb: שיגעון |
| Hindi | |
| lexicalization | hin: pAgalapana |
| Croatian | |
| lexicalization | hrv: ludilo |
| Hungarian | |
| lexicalization | hun: õrület |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hun: elmebaj |
| Armenian | |
| lexicalization | hye: խելագարություն |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hye: խելացնորություն |
| Indonesian | |
| has gloss | ind: Gila (Inggris: insanity atau madness), adalah istilah umum tentang gangguan jiwa yang parah. Secara historis, konsep ini telah digunakan dalam berbagai cara. Di lingkungan dunia medis lebih sering digunakan istilah gangguan jiwa. |
| lexicalization | ind: gila |
| lexicalization | ind: penyakit gila |
| Icelandic | |
| lexicalization | isl: brjálæði |
| Italian | |
| has gloss | ita: La follia viene identificata come una mancanza di adattamento che il malato mostra nei confronti dell'ambiente, tenendo ben presente che la definizione della follia è influenzata dal momento storico, dalla cultura, dalle convenzioni, quindi è possibile considerare folle qualcosa o qualcuno che prima era normale, e viceversa. |
| lexicalization | ita: demenza |
| lexicalization | ita: follia |
| lexicalization | ita: pazzia |
| lexicalization | ita: insania |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ita: demenzialità |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: 狂気（きょうき）とは常軌を逸脱した精神状態を表す全般名辞であるが、多分に使う側の恣意的レッテルに使われる側面もある。その概念は、歴史的に多くの方法で使われた。今日、一般に異常な犯罪などの文脈においてその用語に遭遇する。ただし狂気の心理的表れと、犯罪行為の因果関係については学者の間でも議論が分かれる。確立した規準から逸脱する出発は、正の効果と同じく見なされるかもしれない。この場合「狂気である」事実は、大胆に慣習にとらわれないことである。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 狂気 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 精神異常 |
| Georgian | |
| lexicalization | kat: სიგიჟე |
| Korean | |
| lexicalization | kor: 정신병 |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | kor: 정신이상 |
| lexicalization | kor: 미친것 |
| lexicalization | kor: 광기 |
| Latin | |
| lexicalization | lat: insania |
| lexicalization | lat: vesania |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | lat: uaecordia |
| lexicalization | lat: amentia |
| Latvian | |
| lexicalization | lav: ārprāts |
| Lithuanian | |
| lexicalization | lit: demencija |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | lit: beprotis |
| Dutch | |
| has gloss | nld: Krankzinnigheid is een oude geneeskundige term. Men gebruikte deze term voor vrijwel alle mensen met een verstandelijke handicap en/of een psychiatrisch ziektebeeld die zich sterk afwijkend gedroegen. De letterlijke betekenis van het woord is iemand waarvan de zinnen (de geest, het verstand) krank (ziek) zijn. Naarmate men met de opkomst van de moderne psychiatrie (begin 20e eeuw) onderscheid ging maken tussen de verschillende ziektebeelden, raakte de term in onbruik. Zoals met zoveel aanvankelijk technische termen uit de psychiatrie veranderde de aanduiding krankzinnige mettertijd in een scheldwoord, een synoniem voor gek. Voor krankzinnigheid ziet men in de middeleeuwen drie oorzaken: |
| lexicalization | nld: krankzinnigheid |
| Norwegian Bokmål | |
| lexicalization | nob: galskap |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | nob: sinnssykdom |
| lexicalization | nob: vannvidd |
| Norwegian | |
| lexicalization | nor: sinnssykdom |
| Occitan (post 1500) | |
| lexicalization | oci: baujum |
| Polish | |
| lexicalization | pol: obłęd |
| Portuguese | |
| has gloss | por: A loucura ou insânia é segundo a psicologia uma condição da mente humana caracterizada por pensamentos considerados "anormais" pela sociedade. É resultado de doença mental, quando não é classificada como a própria doença. A verdadeira constatação da insanidade mental de um indivíduo só pode ser feita por especialistas em psicopatologia. |
| lexicalization | por: loucura |
| lexicalization | por: insanidade |
| Moldavian | |
| has gloss | ron: Nebunie sau alienare, alienaţie, demenţă, sminteală, smintire, ţicneală, boală mintală, a fost până sfârşitul secolului al XIX -lea considerată ca o comportare neobişnuită ca nu se încadrează în normele de comportare în societate. Termenul definea în trecut numai o aberaţie de la comportarea unui om normal . Că această comportare neobişnuită este legată de o boală, exista în medicină numai o presupunere vagă despre o cauză patologică. Astfel epilepsia sau tulburările cauzate de traumatismele cerebrale erau încadrate de medici tot la nebunie. Aceste fenomene erau interpretate diferit în funcţie de rigiditatea normelor sociale, religie, cultură şi perioada istorică. Din această cauză medicina modernă care are criterii conturate mai clare de diagnostic al bolii nu i-a în considerare diagnosticul medical al nebuniei din izvoarele istorice. |
| lexicalization | ron: nebunie |
| lexicalization | ron: demenţă |
| Russian | |
| has gloss | rus: :«Безумие» перенаправляет сюда. См. также Безумие (фильм). Сумасше́ствие (также устар. безу́мие) — потенциально неизлечимое тяжёлое психическое расстройство. Исторически этот термин применялся к целому ряду различных психических заболеваний, поэтому в современной медицине и психиатрии он используется редко, хотя по-прежнему популярен в разговорной речи. |
| lexicalization | rus: Сумасшествие |
| lexicalization | rus: безумие |
| Sicilian | |
| has gloss | scn: Lu pazzìa è la cunnizzioni di cu è affettu di gravi malatìa mintali, di na pèrdita dâ raggiuni, assuciata pi lu cchiù a cumpurtamenti abnormi, a li voti 'uremma viulenti |
| lexicalization | scn: Pazzìa |
| Slovak | |
| has gloss | slk: Šialenstvo je strata rozumového úsudku, pomätenosť, nepríčetnosť, bláznovstvo. |
| lexicalization | slk: Šialenstvo |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | slk: choromyseľnosť |
| lexicalization | slk: nepríčetnosť |
| Castilian | |
| has gloss | spa: Se designó como locura hasta final del siglo XIX a un determinado comportamiento que rechazaba las normas sociales establecidas. Lo que se interpretó por convenciones sociales como locura fue la desviación de la norma (del latín vulgar delirare, de lira ire, que significaba originalmente en la agricultura "desviado del surco recto"), por culpa de un desequilibrio mental, por el cual un hombre o una mujer padecía de delirios enfermizos, impropios del funcionamiento normal de la razón, que se identificaban por la realización de actos extraños y destructivos. Los síntomas de ciertas enfermedades, como la epilepsia u otras disfunciones mentales, fueron también calificados de locura. |
| lexicalization | spa: locura |
| lexicalization | spa: enajenación mental |
| Albanian | |
| lexicalization | sqi: marrëzi |
| Serbian | |
| lexicalization | srp: лудило |
| Swedish | |
| lexicalization | swe: vansinne |
| lexicalization | swe: sinnessjukdom |
| Telugu | |
| lexicalization | tel: పిచ్చి |
| Thai | |
| lexicalization | tha: ความวิกลจริต |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | tha: ความมีสติที่ไม่ปกติ |
| lexicalization | tha: ภาวะสติวิปลาส |
| Turkish | |
| has gloss | tur: Delilik veya çılgınlık yarı kalıcı, ağır bir zihinsel bozukluktur. Genelde bir zihinsel hastalık tipinden türer. Delilik terimi tıbbi bir terim olmaktan çok hukuki ve kültürel bir terimdir. |
| lexicalization | tur: Delilik |
| lexicalization | tur: delilik |
| lexicalization | tur: cinnet |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | tur: delılıq |
| lexicalization | tur: çýldýrma |
| Ukrainian | |
| lexicalization | ukr: безумство |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ukr: недоумство |
| Urdu | |
| lexicalization | urd: پاگل پن |
| Vietnamese | |
| lexicalization | vie: tính trạng điên |
| Yiddish | |
| lexicalization | yid: meshugas |
| Chinese | |
| lexicalization | zho: 疯狂 |
| Links | |
|---|---|
| opposite | (noun) normal or sound powers of mind sanity, saneness |
| similar | e/Insanity |
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